Tag Archives: history

Copyright © 2026 Michael Herman (Bindloss, Alberta, Canada) – Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License
Web 7.0™, TDW AgenticOS™ and Hyperonomy™ are trademarks of the Web 7.0 Foundation. All Rights Reserved.

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1. What “Sinicized religion” is not (well-supported)

China is not trying to eliminate religion wholesale.

It is also not primarily about theology.

“Sinicization” is not:

• Forced atheism
• Mere cultural adaptation (dress, music, language)
• A hidden conversion campaign

Those are surface misunderstandings.

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2. Core definition (systems-level, well-supported)

Sinicized religion = religion re-engineered to be legible, governable, and subordinate to the Chinese state.

The key word is subordinate, not aligned.

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3. The system architecture (this is the map)

China treats religion as a complex socio-technical system with five controllable layers.

I’ll walk them top-down.

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Layer 1 — Sovereignty & Authority (non-negotiable)

Well-supported

• The CCP is the final authority over all organized social systems
• No parallel sovereignty is tolerated

Operational rule:

No religious authority may outrank, override, or rival the Party.

Consequences

• Foreign religious authority = structural threat
• Transnational obedience (e.g. Rome) must be neutralized or mediated

This is the hard ceiling.

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Layer 2 — Organizational Legibility (critical)

Well-supported

China does not fear belief.
It fears unmapped coordination.

So religion must be:

• Registered
• Hierarchical in known ways
• Spatially and digitally locatable
• Administratively reachable

Hence:

• Patriotic religious associations
• Approved clergy
• Approved venues
• Approved platforms

If it cannot be mapped, it cannot be allowed.

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Layer 3 — Narrative & Ideology Alignment (important, flexible)

Well-supported

Religion must:

• Affirm national unity
• Reject separatism
• Avoid moral claims that contradict Party legitimacy

But:

• Theological minutiae are negotiable
• Rituals are tolerated
• Metaphysics are mostly irrelevant

What matters is moral framing.

Examples

• Obedience → “social harmony”
• Charity → “common prosperity”
• Authority → “rule of law with Chinese characteristics”

This is translation, not replacement.

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Layer 4 — Leadership Formation & Loyalty (crucial)

Well-supported

Clergy are treated like:

• Educators
• Cultural workers
• Moral technicians

They must:

• Be trained domestically
• Be politically vetted
• Accept Party leadership as primary

This is why:

• Bishop appointments matter so much
• Seminary curricula are regulated
• Foreign training is restricted

The goal is predictable loyalty, not belief purity.

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Layer 5 — Temporal Control (often overlooked)

Implicit but observable

Religion must:

• Move slowly
• Change incrementally
• Avoid sudden mobilization

China tolerates:

• Static belief
• Ritual repetition

China resists:

• Rapid growth
• Revival movements
• Apocalyptic urgency
• Evangelical acceleration

Speed = threat signal.

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4. What “Sinicization” looks like in practice (by religion)

Buddhism / Taoism

✔ Native origin
✔ Non-centralized authority
✔ Ritual-heavy, belief-light

→ Easiest to Sinicize

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Protestant Christianity

✔ Fragmented authority
✔ Scripture-centered
✖ Evangelical growth dynamics

→ Tolerated but tightly watched

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Catholicism (hardest case)

System layer	Conflict
Authority	Pope > Party
Organization	Global hierarchy
Loyalty	Foreign allegiance
Sacraments	Clerical gatekeeping
Time	Long institutional memory

Hence the unique pressure on Catholicism.

5. The hidden goal (interpretive, but strong)

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China is not trying to make religion “Chinese” culturally.

It is trying to make religion boring, slow, local, and administratively dull.

A Sinicized religion is one that cannot surprise the state.

That is success.

6. Where digital religion fits

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Digital religion is acceptable only if it stays in Layers 3–5:

• Personal belief
• Ethical teaching
• Cultural expression

The moment it touches:

• Layer 2 (organization)
• Layer 1 (authority)

…it triggers enforcement.

This explains why:

• Apps are allowed
• Online churches are not
• Scripture is tolerated
• Coordination is punished

7. One-sentence synthesis

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“Sinicized religion” means belief without sovereignty, ritual without mobilization, and morality without rival authority — all operating inside a system the state can see, slow, and steer.

Copyright © 2026 Michael Herman (Bindloss, Alberta, Canada) – Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public LicenseWeb 7.0™, TDW AgenticOS™ and Hyperonomy™ are trademarks of the Web 7.0 Foundation. All Rights Reserved.

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1. First principles (well-supported)

At the highest level:

• Religion = a belief system
• Church = an institutional embodiment of a religion

“Digital” and “decentralized” modify how these things exist and coordinate — not what they are.

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2. Decentralized Digital Religion

Core definition (well-supported)

A decentralized digital religion is a shared belief framework that:

• Exists primarily in digital space
• Has no central authority that defines doctrine, legitimacy, or membership
• Propagates through networks, culture, and voluntary adoption

Think: protocol, not organization.

Key characteristics

Ontology

• Doctrine is emergent, not finalized
• Belief evolves via discourse, reinterpretation, remixing

Authority

• No priests, bishops, councils, or final interpreters
• Authority = persuasion + reputation, not office

Membership

• Self-ascribed
• No formal initiation required (no baptism analogue unless culturally adopted)

Persistence

• Survives even if all formal communities dissolve
• Lives in texts, memes, practices, narratives, symbols

Analogy

• Like an open-source philosophy or mythos
• Comparable to Stoicism, Buddhism (early), or Taoism in their pre-institutional phases

What it is not

• Not a legal entity
• Not accountable to regulators
• Not operationally coordinated

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3. Decentralized Digital Church

Core definition (well-supported)

A decentralized digital church is an organized community structure that:

• Practices a religion
• Coordinates rituals, care, teaching, and governance
• Does so without a single controlling center, often via federated or peer-to-peer models

Think: organization without hierarchy.

Key characteristics

Ontology

• Explicit practices (services, sacraments, teachings)
• Agreed-upon norms, even if locally variable

Authority

• Distributed leadership (elders, facilitators, stewards)
• Authority is delegated, not abolished

Membership

• Recognized participation (attendance, contribution, initiation)
• Some boundary-setting (“this is our community”)

Persistence

• Depends on active coordination and continuity
• Can fragment, fork, merge, or dissolve

Analogy

• Like a federated network of cooperatives
• Or early house-church Christianity before episcopal consolidation

What it is not

• Not purely ideological
• Not infinitely malleable
• Not doctrine-free

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4. Clean side-by-side comparison

Dimension	Decentralized Digital Religion	Decentralized Digital Church
Primary nature	Belief system	Community institution
Authority	Emergent, informal	Distributed, recognized
Doctrine	Fluid, contested	Interpreted, practiced
Membership	Self-identified	Socially recognized
Coordination	Cultural	Operational
Failure mode	Dilution	Fragmentation
Survival	Memetic	Organizational

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5. Crucial distinction (this is the hinge)

A religion can exist without a church.
A church cannot exist without a religion.

Digitally and decentralized, that asymmetry becomes extreme.

• A decentralized digital religion may never crystallize into churches
• A decentralized digital church must constrain belief enough to function

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6. Interpretive (but strongly grounded)

Why this matters now

• Many modern movements think they are churches
  → but are actually religions in formation
• Others think they are religions
  → but are quietly becoming churches (with power dynamics)

Digital space makes belief cheap — but community expensive.

Decentralization magnifies that cost.

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7. One-sentence summary

A decentralized digital religion is a belief protocol that spreads without permission; a decentralized digital church is a coordinated community that must still govern itself — even if no one is in charge.